We have focused on a handful of applications of lasers in material processing to provide the best solution for the automotive and primary metal industry. Principles of laser materials processing wiley online books. Kerf is the width of the cut opening the cut edges can be square and not rounded as with most hot jet processes or other thermal cutting techniques. Pdf fabrication of coupled mode photonic devices in. Instead of cw co 2 laser, a pulsed mode co 2 laser produces high peak powers and makes possible to work on metals. Reinhart fraunhofer research institution for casting, composite and processing technology igcv, augsburg. Automotive manufacturing benefits from laser processing. Lasers in material processing and manufacturing 2002. Heat treatment using laser radiation fraunhofer ilt. This control is exercised throughthe properselection of laser processing parameters to achieve the desired material modi. The beam provides a concentrated heat source, allowing for narrow, deep welds and high welding rates.
Laser processing of materials 521 uration using a pulsed nd. Depending on whether the material is a strong or weak absorber, so the peak and average intensities needed for a particular application will differ. Material aspects in metal additive manufacturing challenges, opportunities, visions. This can include welding, drilling, cutting, engraving or cleaning different materials as plastics, wood and metals.
The development in the output power of solidstate fiber laser source has resulted in the increasing interest in the use of the high brightness fiber laser in macro laser material processing applications, especially cutting and welding of metal. For example, special processing heads for laser materials processing are being developed and produced, based on a customers specific needs. Reith laser has multiple laser technologies under one roof, such as laser drilling, laser engraving, laser cutting, laser micromachining and laser welding. Femtosecond laser micromachining can be used either to remove materials or to change a material s properties, and can be applied to both absorptive and transparent substances. Laser fusion cutting involves melting material in a column and using a highpressure stream of gas to shear the molten material away, leaving an open cut kerf. One of the main benefits is the weak thermal interaction between the laser beam and the bulk material. There are several key laser technologies employed for materials processing and each laser type, wavelength and architecture has its advantages and key. The aerospace sector is seeing the potential benefits of laser processing over other machining technologies such as. Coupled mode devices are fabricated in transparent glasses by nonlinear materials processing with femtosecond laser pulses. Fabrication of 3d multi material parts using laser based powder bed fusion c. Introduction to laser material processing elite business systems. Type of laser beam is a co2 laser and gaussian beam.
Types of laser and parameters for materials processing 2. High precision materials processing using a novel q. Laser applications laser material processing applications. Lasers are playing an ever expanding role in material processing, from new product development to high volume manufacturing. Femtosecond laser micromachining in transparent materials. Materials processing using lasers materials for laser systems. Three approaches to materials processing are introduced. Machining with femtosecond pulses affords considerable advantages over nanosecond pulses, such. Laser material processingan overview iopscience institute of.
The journal of materials processing technology covers the processing techniques used in manufacturing components from metals and other materials. Certain types of material should not be engraved or laser with a laser because of their chemical makeup. As part of our ongoing commitment to providing valuable and informative insight into the capabilities of fiber lasers, we are constantly supplying new information into the innovative applications potential of these industrial processing. Laser material processing 4th edition will be of use as university or industrial course material for senior undergraduate, graduate and nondegree technical training in optoelectronics, laser processing and advanced manufacturing. In contrast, ablative laser cutting removes material layer by layer using a pulsed laser. Helios lasers are available at 1064 nm, and 532 nm at several output powers. The process is frequently used in high volume applications using.
Diffractive optical elements does play an important role in provision of the processadapted laser beam shaping. Laser material processing an overview sciencedirect topics. For keyhole welding, materials with a higher thicknesstowidth aspect ra tio are welded with 1. A blue diode laser has a higher absorption rate than a traditional laser, while the maximum power is limited.
Reith laser specialist in laser material processing in the. We have focused on a handful of applications of lasers in material processing. Arnold abstract lasers provide the ability to accurately deliver large amounts of energy into con. Sla typically uses a low power uv wavelength like from a matrix uv laser to selectively harden a photosensitive epoxy polymer in a bath to form a part. As part of our ongoing commitment to providing valuable and informative insight into the capabilities of fiber lasers, we are constantly supplying new information into the innovative applications potential of these industrial processing tools. Laser materials processing has made tremendous progress and is now at the forefront of industrial and medical applications. Practising engineers and technicians in these areas will also find.
Can be easily cut with a laser using lower power settings. Materials processing includes cutting, drilling, welding, etc. It is a form of laser processing in which the material to be processed is transferred from solid to gaseous in a very short pulse duration. Crp technology intros cuttingedge composite material for laser sintering.
Laser processing these materials creates dangerous gases or dust. Osa development of a highpower blue laser 445 nm for. Laser, material processing, cutting, welding, surface. Knustgodwin buys velo3d metal additive manufacturing machine. These applications can be divided between those that involve the processing of materials and all other applications. Laser assisted deep drawing is a noncontact process. Pervious work on laser processing of composite materials can be split into two main themes, firstly laser drilling with a ndyag laser and secondly laser cutting with a co 2 laser.
Chapter 4 fundamentals of lasermaterial interaction and. Deam, in advances in laser materials processing second edition, 2018. Aug 17, 2016 laser processing of materials i how lasers work is a brief summary of the physics of laser beams anatomy of a co2 laser introduces the critical components of the materials processing. Common wavelengths for laser material processing are 10. Fourth edition lasers play a major part in the processing of the disparate materials used in engineering and. The laser beam is used to heat workpiece before the material is removed. Safety requirements for machine tools using lasers for processing materials. At the beginning, a brief introduction to different types of lasers and their general applications, fundamentals of laser. The informal style of laser material processing 4th edition will guide you smoothly from the basics of laser physics to the detailed treatment of all the major materials processing. Material processing an overview sciencedirect topics. In order to guarantee the highest quality laser material processing. The power density of the laser beam is around a billion.
Slm builds up a part from polymer or metal powder by using a sealed off co2 laser such as a diamond cseries laser or a 1. Laser beam power, interaction and laser beam diameter are the main parameters for materials processing. Laser material processing is a clear and instructive textbook for students who will become the next generation of laser specialists, and it is a good source of updated knowledge for practicing engineers and technicians in optoelectronics, laser processing, materials. The absorption rate of the blue laser system for the steel was 2. The book covers the use of lasers in materials processing, including its application in cutting and welding, as well as the principles behind them. Laser materials processing, chapter 34 columbia university. The successful application of laser material processing relies on proper choice. Using the direct output of an extended cavity femtosecond laser, without the need for a laser. Fabrication of 3d multimaterial parts using laserbased. There are several key laser technologies employed for materials processing and each laser type, wavelength and architecture has its advantages and key applications where it excels.
In the laser cladding process, a thin layer of a material is deposited on a moving substrate using a laser as a heat source and powder injection or wire feeding. Micro material processing is a category that includes all laser material processing applications under 1 kilowatt. Laser material processing can be divided in several laser applications such as laser marking, laser cleaning and rust removal, laser cutting and laser welding. High power lasers can produce intense heating and perform various manufacturing operations or material processing. The book describes recent advances in smart and nanoscaled materials going. Laser material processing technologies have gained considerable importance in diverse industries due to the rapid growth of laser applications and the reduced cost of laser systems.
More is not necessarily better when it comes to laser materials processing. Slm builds up a part from polymer or metal powder by using a sealed off co2 laser such as a diamond cseries laser. Laser processing of materials 497 commonly used ones. The book describes recent advances in smart and nanoscaled materials going w. With installations in the thousands, the avia is the most widely. Lasers have become crucial to material processing, with laser components supplying key elements for many applications. Cutting temperature and laser beam temperature effects on. Material processing with doe application notes holo or. Reinhart fraunhofer research institution for casting, composite and processing. However, this paper ignores gaussian beam in the finite element method. Laser material processing is a very active area among the applications of lasers and. Lasers are being used as a controlled intense source of heat for many metallurgical applications, e,g. Ramesh singh process response the cut can have a very narrow kerf width giving a substantial saving in material.
At the same time, industrial image processing has gained in importance for process control and qcqa for example when it comes to 3d object scanning or weld seam inspection. At first glance, all these material processing applications may seem very different from each other, but if you look a little closer, it all comes down to shaping and directing a highpower laser beam in a way that fits the application. Besides that, one can process nearly all types of material. The present contribution provides an overview of the application of high power laser only for material processing in engineering applications, and intentionally excludes the scope of application. For high precision laser processing the material should be vaporised directly without a remarkable formation of melt. Materials processing using a laser can be fast and precise. Provide the end user basic tools to control oems and ensure the full, reliable, and safe use. Laser material processing is a clear and instructive textbook for students who will become the next generation of laser specialists, and it is a good source of updated knowledge for practicing engineers and technicians in optoelectronics, laser processing, materials treatment, and advanced manufacturing. This family of diodepumped, solidstate products, is available in wavelengths of 355 nm and 532 nm. Absorptivity is one of the most significant parameters for laser interaction as the efficiency of laser processing depends on the absorption of the energy by the workpiece. It describes the hazards generated by such machines and states the protective measures to be incorporated into such machines. High precision materials processing using a novel qswitched co 2 laser. The following list is a small sample of the materials that can be effectively processed with a laser cutting, engraving, and marking machine from uls using a co 2 andor. Reith laser is a leading specialist in laser material processing technologies and is part of veco precision.
Pdf light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation laser is a coherent and monochromatic beam of electromagnetic radiation that can. It is heavily used in the material processing industry for cutting, and welding of steel and in the medical area for surgery. Dlmp digital laser material processing technology provides an efficient, noncontact method for working with a wide variety of materials. The use of lasers in micro materials processing has found broad application in the. Among the applications of laser technology, in recent years, the laser claddingbased surface coating technique has received significant attention in diverse. Digital laser material processing dlmp uls technology. We report the structure and laser beam profile of a 250 w highpower blue laser 445 nm for material processing. Laser material processing 4th edition will be of use as university or industrial course material for senior undergraduate, graduate and nondegree technical training in optoelectronics, laser processing and. Chapter 7 lasers after having derived the quantum mechanically correct suszeptibility for an. The best processing speeds and quality are achieved when the laser energy is efficiently absorbed by the material. Lasers widely used in material processing are co 2 laser and nd. Laser micromachining, also known as laser plating or laser milling, is an accurate material ablation process at micron level.
For all laser processes, the energy of a laser beam interacts with a material to transform it in some way. With the invention of the laser came a new form of industrial energy, optical. Usually, laser systems start from utilizing the laser, and performance is upgraded by adding a doe. Instead of cw co 2 laser, a pulsed mode co 2 laser. The range of procedures in which they are involved is ever increasing. Quality control is usually achieved by openloop adjustment of the laser process for the particular task and workpiece being processed.
Heat treatment using laser radiation laser radiation is ideally suited to the precise, local heat treatment of metallic materials, enabling the specific modification of properties. Chapter 4 fundamentals of lasermaterial interaction and application to multiscale surface modi. Threedimensional flexible processing using highpower laser. Laser material processing uses high power lasers to generate intense light beams in material fabrication. Modeling gives the indepth understanding of the physics in the study of laser material processing. Laser material processing gives a compact survey and can be used as university or industrial course material. Diode lasers, as another example of solidstate lasers, do not provide similar beam quality and intensity and may be used for the cutting of nonmetallic materials. One of the things to keep in mind with structured beams for materials processing. Nov 30, 2010 the informal style of laser material processing 4th edition will guide you smoothly from the basics of laser physics to the detailed treatment of all the major materials processing techniques for which lasers are now essential. The interaction time is equal to the pulse duration in the case of pulsed lasers and is inversely proportional to the processing speed in the case of continuous wave cw lasers. The use of ultrafast laser pulses is having an impact on materials processing in profound ways. Phenix systems is actively involved in this technological evolution and provides solu. The following list is a small sample of the materials that can be effectively processed with a laser cutting, engraving, and marking machine from uls using.
Helps you to understand how the laser works and to decide which laser is best for your purposes. Laser microengineering and the advances that can be gained. Identifiable hazards associated with the materials occurring during the processing of stainless steel, for example welding fume or grinding dust, are also evaluated against. The journal aims to publish full research papers of original, significant and rigorous work and so to contribute to increased production efficiency and improved component performance. Different femtosecond laser based techniques for material processing such as laser ablation, twophoton photopolymerization, and material surface nanostructuring are described. In addition, process optimization by changing the design of components as well as systems to monitor quality online count among the specializations of this technology field. The author a decade ago, flowing gas co2 lasers dom inated the market for materials process ing applications, such as cutting. The strength of the joint was equivalent to that of the annealed base material. Lasers play a major part in the processing of the disparate materials used in. Laser beam welding lbw is a welding technique used to join pieces of metal or thermoplastics through the use of a laser. This has made laser beam shaping and homogenization techniques essential to optimize many laser material processing applications. Proceedings volume 4915 lasers in material processing and manufacturing.
Additive manufacturing systems using laser sintering. Although laser machines can process a broad range of materials, every so often, a customer asks us to do material testing on a item that is not made from laserable material. Heat is produced by the absorption of the laser photons. The book will guide the reader smoothly from the basics of laser physics to the detailed treatment of all major material processing techniques for which lasers are essential. Reduce the risk of a plasma formation at the surface of the material.
This standard applies to machine tools using a laser for processing materials, and its associated equipment. Oct 01, 2008 coverage of the most recent advancements and applications in laser materials processing this book provides stateoftheart coverage of the field of laser materials processing, from fundamentals to applications to the latest research topics. While synthetic fabrics absorb the long wavelength produced by co2 lasers well, using a pulsed laser. Lasers are used in industry in a huge variety of applications. All about phenix systems innovation, development and production times, the search for energy, material and cost savings, quality and flexibility constitute. Laser material processing of composite materials such as carbon fibre reinforced plastics cfrp for aerospace structures is generating a great deal of interest in the aerospace industry. The types of material s processing which can be carried out are micro and nanostructuring, microdrilling, cutting, laser transmission welding and surface modification, respectively. Results will depend on product quality getting started you can find acrylic products on the market that come with a laserable plastic backing that can be left on the material during processing. In contrast, ablative laser cutting removes material layer by layer using a pulsed laserits like chiseling, only with light and on a microscopic scale. Learn how to apply nde based on processing, defect types present, post processing, structural margin, part complexity, and part criticality. Journal of materials processing technology elsevier. Lasers play a major part in the processing of the disparate materials used in engineering and manufacturing.
1369 618 373 117 905 894 612 156 1417 1493 1378 415 1178 151 740 1614 1508 1266 1550 1492 175 997 470 490 335 1335 657 303 1462 269 803 592 245